Digital technologies are rapidly changing the ways economies operate and delivering many essential public services, but they are also increasing the number of vulnerabilities that will likely disrupt these essential services and erode public confidence. The ransomware attack that was conducted globally in 2021 and the crisis that occurred in Costa Rica in 2022 are examples of the serious risk that countries face, both economically and institutionally, as a result of weak cyber-resilience. Cybersecurity has evolved from being solely a technical issue that required information technology specialists to being a critical enabler of economic development, national security, and inclusive digital development in today’s world.
The World Bank Group has clearly stated that systems that meet the criteria of being secure and trustworthy are prerequisites for a country that is committed to the successful digital transformation of its economy. The World Bank Group has also assisted countries in developing long-term, coordinated strategies, including supporting reforms in Ghana to create a national cybersecurity authority and improve its ability to respond to security incidents, allowing the country to be viewed as a regional leader. In addition, the World Bank Group’s investments in the Philippines are seeking to increase the resilience of broadband infrastructure by supporting early identification of threats and providing faster response time. Deployed stand-alone technical solutions and fragmented policy frameworks are clearly inadequate when operating in a connected digital realm. A national cybersecurity strategy allows governments to establish their top priorities and appropriate resource allocation and institutional role clarity, as well as alignment between cybersecurity and larger development objectives. This trend of developing national strategies is increasingly being recognized around the globe, as evidenced by the growing number of countries deploying such strategies, as tracked by the International Telecommunications Union.
This new edition of the Guide to Developing a National Cybersecurity Strategy builds on lessons learned globally and emphasizes risk management, the protection of critical services, sustainable funding, and skills development as key elements of an effective National Cybersecurity Strategy. Ultimately, while strategies help guide the overall approach to achieving cyber resilient development, it is the effective leadership, provision of financing, and implementation of these strategies that will determine whether cyber resiliency programs achieve sustainable development.